Neuropathology and Therapeutics Addressing Glaucoma, a Prevalent Retina-Optic Nerve-Brain Disease that Causes Eyesight Impairment and Blindness

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) associated with different forms of glaucoma and chronic ocular hypertension (cOHT) is characterized by progressive loss retinal ganglion cells their axons in the nerves that project to brain transmit visual information. The resultant thinning cause peripheral vision, which if not halted or slowed, can lead irreversible blindness. Whilst precise triggering insult(s) for primary open angle (POAG), most prevalent glaucomas, remains unknown, prominent risk factors include elevated intraocular pressure, increasing age, African-American heritage (genetic predisposition), family history, low cerebral spinal/intracranial vascular dysfunctions within retina. However, whilst reduction IOP topical ocularly administered medications first-line therapeutic approach address cOHT / POAG, surgical procedures aqueous humor drainage devices are also useful means lower IOP. It hoped intense research into mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration has potential discovery neuroprotective neuroregenerative agents s technologies including novel sustained drug delivery platforms, gene therapy, cell physical support systems, food-derived nutrient treatments, neurostimulation via optogenetic, electrical sonogenetic tools, yielding suitable treatments treat POAG attendant GON.